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1. Battery capacity and endurance

The battery capacity directly determines the endurance time of the AGV car
after charging. The appropriate battery capacity needs to be selected based on
the AGV's work cycle, task length, and environmental requirements. Generally
speaking, the larger the capacity, the longer the battery life, but the battery
volume and weight will also increase accordingly.

Calculate the required battery capacity based on the actual working
conditions of the AGV, such as task duration, load, etc. For example, if the AGV
needs to run for 8 hours, a battery that can support 8 hours of operation should
be selected.

2. Battery voltage

The battery voltage of the AGV car should match the requirements of the motor
and control system. Common battery voltages include 24V, 36V, 48V, 72V, etc.
Batteries of different voltages are suitable for motors of different powers.
High voltage batteries can provide higher power and are suitable for AGVs that
require high power output.

When selecting, ensure the compatibility between the battery voltage and the
AGV electrical system.

3. Charging time and frequency

Charging time is also an important factor when choosing a battery. AGV
requires fast charging during idle periods to continue working, so it is very
important to choose batteries that support fast charging. Modern lithium
batteries typically support fast charging, but safety and battery life during
the charging process still need to be considered.

At the same time, the frequency of charging should also be considered. The
working cycle of AGV may require frequent charging, therefore, the battery needs
to have a good charging cycle life.

4. Cycle life of batteries

The cycle life of lithium batteries (i.e. the number of times the battery can
be charged and discharged) directly affects the long-term cost of AGVs. Usually,
the cycle life of lithium batteries used in AGV cars is 500 to 2000 charge and
discharge cycles (depending on the battery model and usage). A higher cycle life
means fewer replacements and lower maintenance costs.

It is necessary to choose batteries with long and stable lifespan, especially
in environments with long-term continuous operation, to reduce the frequency of
battery replacement.

5. Depth of Discharge (DOD)

Depth of Discharge (DOD) refers to the percentage of a battery that can be
safely discharged during use. The recommended discharge depth for general
lithium batteries is around 80% to extend battery life. Therefore, when
choosing, it is important to understand the recommended discharge depth of the
battery and consider the remaining battery capacity required by the AGV during
the mission.

6. Temperature adaptation range

Lithium batteries are sensitive to temperature, and temperatures that are too
high or too low can affect the performance and lifespan of the battery. Suitable
batteries need to be selected based on the temperature range of the AGV
environment. If AGV operates in harsh environments such as low or high
temperatures, it may be necessary to choose lithium batteries with a wide
temperature adaptation range.

7. Safety of batteries

Due to the operation of AGVs in industrial environments, the safety of
batteries is crucial. Lithium batteries pose risks such as thermal runaway,
short circuits, overcharging, and overdischarging. Therefore, it is very
important to choose batteries with a good Battery Management System (BMS). BMS
can monitor the voltage, temperature, and current of the battery in real time to
prevent overcharging, overdischarging, and other issues, ensuring the safe
operation of the battery.

8. Volume and weight

The design of AGV vehicles has certain limitations on the volume and weight
of batteries. When selecting, it is necessary to ensure that the size and weight
of the battery are suitable for the design requirements of the AGV, while not
affecting the AGV's motion performance. Normally, batteries need to have high
energy density to provide the longest possible range in a limited space.

9. Costs and benefits

Although the initial cost of lithium batteries is relatively high, their
longer lifespan and lower maintenance requirements can reduce long-term
operating costs. When choosing, the initial investment and long-term operational
benefits of the battery should be comprehensively considered.

10. Charging method and charging facilities

AGV needs to be equipped with corresponding charging facilities, such as
automatic charging piles or charging stations. Ensure that the selected battery
is compatible with existing charging devices and can achieve fast and automatic
charging.

Common types of lithium batteries

Lithium iron phosphate battery (LiFePO ₄): Due to its high safety and long
service life, lithium iron phosphate batteries are very common in AGV
applications. Their energy density, although not as high as lithium cobalt oxide
batteries, is sufficient for most AGV applications.

Nickel cobalt calcium manganese oxide lithium battery (NCM): This type of
battery has a higher energy density and is suitable for AGVs that require higher
battery capacity, but its cost is relatively high.

Summary:

When choosing lithium batteries for AGV vehicles, the first factor to
consider is the battery's capacity, voltage, cycle life, charging speed, safety,
temperature adaptability, and other factors. Combined with the AGV's working
environment, task requirements, and cost budget, the most suitable battery type
is ultimately selected. Reasonable battery selection can not only improve the
efficiency of AGV, but also reduce maintenance costs and ensure the long-term
stable operation of AGV.

http://www.highstar-lithium.com
​Highstar Battery Technology Co., Ltd.

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